Cheat sheet

License trigger & scopes

Use the higher figure, never the lower or an average

Multifamily and pre-engineered steel belong to Light Commercial, not Basic

Try itbl licensing 1 · easybl licensing 2 · mediumbl licensing 3 · mediumbl licensing 4 · hard

Unlicensed contractor & incidental work

Test date: effective date, then last signature date, then first delivery — never completion

Greater of, not lesser: $60,000 → $15,000; $30,000 → $10,000

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Experience & exam rules

Field years without a management year fail the GC path

Reciprocity (553-2-.13) still requires the Georgia Business and Law exam

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Net worth, insurance, cap

Change orders cannot push past $1,000,000; it is per contract, not annual

2 employees: workers' comp not required

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Reporting deadlines

180 days is a failed prep-site claim

45 is notice, 120 is replacement

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Renewal & CE

Odd-numbered years is the trap

Penalty period cannot be used in the next cycle

Try itbl licensing 24 · easybl licensing 25 · mediumbl licensing 26 · medium

Bidding needs a license

Not at signing, not at start of work

Owner-supplied materials still count in value of work

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GC vs Limited Tier

Exactly $1,000,000 is allowed; $1,000,500 is not

$50,000 line of credit is a prep-site figure, not in the rules

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Public-works retainage

10% until 50% completion is the pre-2022 rule

$240,000 × 0.05 = $12,000; $7,500 punch list × 2.00 = $15,000

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Prompt Pay periods

Swapping 15 and 10 is the trap

Paid March 4 → sub paid by March 14, full $18,000, no retainage deduction

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Markup vs margin

P

profit

C

cost

SP

selling price

C × 1.25 gives 25% markup, only 20% margin; 25% margin on $150,000 needs $200,000

Source: NASCLA Contractors Guide (GA 3rd Ed.), Part 2

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Net worth minimums

Qualifying agent's personal net worth never counts or combines

$110,000 company needs $40,000 more; $1,250,000 contract is $250,000 over cap

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General liability minimums

Residential-Basic at $500,000 is the wrong pairing

Licensing rules name only GL and workers' comp

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Qualifying agent

Construction-only authority fails if CFO decides contracts

90 days is the corporate registration period, not licensing notice

Try itbl business finance 16 · easybl business finance 17 · easybl business finance 18 · mediumbl business finance 19 · mediumbl business finance 21 · hard

SOS annual registration

April 1 is the due date, January 1 the earliest

90-day rule does not apply after October 1 or to foreign corporations

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Registered agent & NASCLA Part 1

P.O. box, email or out-of-state HQ do not qualify

Part 2 is operations, not start-up

Try itbl business finance 28 · mediumbl business finance 1 · easybl business finance 27 · medium

Social security & Medicare

12.4% is combined; withhold only 6.2%

Medicare has no wage base; 50,000 × 0.0765 = $3,825 employer share

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Additional Medicare Tax

Threshold is $200,000, not $184,500

Employer does not match the 0.9%

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FUTA

6.2% is the old rate ended mid-2011

Apply 0.6% only to the $7,000 base

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Deposit schedule

Exactly $50,000 is monthly; calendar-year lookback is the trap

2026 lookback: July 1, 2024–June 30, 2025

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Form 941 dates

May 10 is the extended date, not the normal due date

A $100,000 one-day liability bars pay-with-return

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Employee vs contractor

The contract label does not decide

Right to control counts even if never exercised

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FLSA overtime

Overtime on regular rate, not minimum wage (29 CFR 778.107)

4 × 10-hr days = 40 hrs = 0 overtime

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Minimum wage

$5.85 (2007) and $6.55 (2008) were phase-in steps

$10.875 is the overtime rate, not the minimum

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FLSA records

Swapping 3 and 2 is the trap

Hire and termination dates are I-9 reference points

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Form I-9

Business days, not calendar days

Pick the later retention date: hired April 2022, quit August 2022 → April 2025

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Davis-Bacon & CWHSSA

$75,000 contract: Davis-Bacon yes, CWHSSA no

$100,000 is not the Davis-Bacon threshold

Try itbl labor 22 · easybl labor 23 · mediumbl labor 24 · mediumbl labor 25 · hard

EEO coverage

17 employees: Title VII and ADA yes, ADEA no

50 is from a different law

Try itbl labor 26 · easybl labor 27 · mediumbl labor 28 · hard

Notice of commencement

Clock is not the contract date: work starts March 3 → March 18

Failure to supply copy excuses only the requester

Try itbl lien pm 1 · easybl lien pm 2 · mediumbl lien pm 3 · easybl lien pm 4 · easybl lien pm 5 · hard

Notice to contractor

Later, not earlier: NOC April 5, delivery April 20 → May 20

Send to both owner and contractor

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Claim of lien & action

90 days, not 3 months: June 1 → August 30

First-class mail or late copy = lien not enforceable

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Lien waiver

Waiver becomes effective at day 90 even unpaid: January 10, 2025 → April 10, 2025

Delivery to owner is not a trigger

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Unlicensed & warranty

Exactly $2,500 does not trigger the warranty

553-9-.01(o) discipline needs reasonable reliance and actual financial loss

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Prompt Pay periods

Swapping 15 and 10 is the classic error

7 days is lien-waiver law, not prompt pay

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Retainage pass-through

Duty comes from statute, not subcontract language

50% alone is not enough without progress and assurances

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Late-payment interest

No notice with the request = no interest

Not 1.5%, not 12% per month

Try itbl contracts 11 · easybl contracts 12 · mediumbl contracts 13 · mediumbl contracts 14 · hardbl contracts 15 · hard

Contract overrides

Ordinary delay with 0.5% contract rate → 0.5%

Willful breach with 0.75% contract rate → 1%

Try itbl contracts 16 · mediumbl contracts 17 · hardbl contracts 18 · easy

Unlicensed contractor

The bar is one-sided, not void for both

Passing inspection is no exception

Try itbl contracts 19 · easybl contracts 20 · mediumbl contracts 21 · medium

Lien waiver & affidavit

January 10, 2025 → April 10, 2025; 60 days is the old period

Not in privity with owner: also copy contractor at NOC address

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GL & net worth

Smaller license does not mean smaller insurance

$950,000 + $75,000 = $1,025,000 is over the cap

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Workers' comp threshold

Own headcount under 3 does not shield sub exposure

More than 10 is the OSHA recordkeeping figure

Try itbl risk 6 · easybl risk 7 · mediumbl risk 8 · hardbl risk 9 · hardbl risk 10 · medium

Insurance notice

Not at next renewal

Insurance is not needed only at application

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OSHA reporting

Amputation 10 a.m., learned 2 p.m. → 2 p.m. next day

Death 45 days after incident: no fatality report

Try itbl risk 18 · mediumbl risk 19 · easybl risk 20 · hardbl risk 21 · hard

OSHA recordkeeping

7 calendar days, not business days

Posting runs to April 30, not March 1

Try itbl risk 17 · easybl risk 22 · easybl risk 23 · mediumbl risk 24 · medium

Workers' comp premium

Rate

classification rate per $100 of payroll

Mod

experience modification factor

Rate is per $100, not per $1,000

1.25 mod raises $100,000 to $125,000; 0.75 lowers to $75,000

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Fall protection

Deck edge at 8 ft needs protection; scaffold at 8 ft does not

4 ft is general industry; 5 ft is excavation

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Scaffold figures

4× for scaffolds, 6× for ropes

6 in is the minimum extension, not the maximum overhang

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Ladders

Grabrail alone or securing alone does not comply

Working length is along the ladder, not vertical height

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Excavation protection

Under 5 ft is not automatically exempt

Weekly inspection is the trap

Try itbl env safety 16 · easybl env safety 17 · mediumbl env safety 18 · mediumbl env safety 19 · easybl env safety 22 · medium

Default slope

H

horizontal run

V

vertical rise

D

trench depth

Reversing to 1H : 1.5V gives 5.3 ft, far too steep

1 : 1 at 45° is steeper than allowed

Try itbl env safety 20 · mediumbl env safety 21 · hard

OSHA reporting

Swapping 8 and 24 is the trap

Admission 3 days later: record, don't report

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Egress, spoil, inspections

4 ft is the egress trigger; 5 ft is the protective-system trigger

25 ft is maximum worker travel, not a ladder spacing; 18 in. of setback fails the 2 ft rule

Try itres sitework 1 · easyres sitework 2 · mediumres sitework 3 · easyres sitework 4 · mediumres sitework 5 · medium

Cave-in protection trigger

Under 5 ft is not automatic: signs of cave-in still require protection

An 8 ft shield in a 10 ft trench fails even with a 2 ft gap

Try itres sitework 6 · easyres sitework 7 · mediumres sitework 8 · hardres sitework 9 · mediumres sitework 10 · hard

Soil classification

Fissured 2.0 tsf clay is Type B, not A; exactly 0.5 tsf is Type C

Classification needs both a visual and a manual test, not an engineer's lab report

Try itres sitework 11 · easyres sitework 12 · mediumres sitework 13 · mediumres sitework 14 · hardres sitework 16 · medium

Maximum slopes (H:V)

Ratios are horizontal:vertical; 10 ÷ 1.5 is the reversed-ratio trap

At 14 ft or 24 ft the short-term slope and the table no longer apply

Try itres sitework 17 · easyres sitework 19 · mediumres sitework 20 · hardres sitework 22 · medium

Top width and cutbacks

Type C 10 ft deep, 4 ft bottom: 4 + 15 + 15 = 34 ft; sloping one side gives 19 ft

18 in. is the shield extension, 3-1/2 ft the Type A vertical portion

Try itres sitework 18 · hardres sitework 21 · hardres sitework 23 · mediumres sitework 24 · medium

Footings, fill, bearing

8 in. wall on 6 in. footing: 12 in. min, 20 in. max width; 3-1/2 in. is slab, not footing

Swapping the 24 in./8 in. fill limits; 1-1/2 in. bearing on concrete

Try itres sitework 25 · easyres sitework 26 · hardres sitework 27 · mediumres sitework 28 · easyres sitework 29 · medium

Footing, slab, fill

P

projection each side

T

footing thickness

8 in wall on 8 in footing: max 24 in, min 12 in; capping P at 6 in gives 20 in

14 in of earth needs approval; 24 in is the sand/gravel limit

Try itres concrete 1 · easyres concrete 2 · mediumres concrete 3 · hardres concrete 4 · easyres concrete 6 · medium

Bearing and cover

1½ in is bearing on wood/metal, not concrete; 2 in is sill thickness

2018 IBC uses ACI 318-14 table numbers, not 318-19

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Field test standards

C31 molds in the field; C39 is the lab break

C231 is pressure, C173 is volumetric

Try itres concrete 12 · easyres concrete 13 · medium

Formwork lateral pressure

p

lateral pressure, psf

R

rate of placement, ft/hr

T

concrete temperature, °F

w

unit weight, pcf

h

form height, ft

2 ft × 2 ft column 10 ft: 1,650 psf capped at wh = 1,500 psf; wall 2,635 psf capped at 2,000

80 pcf gives 0.776, so Cw = 0.80; 3,000 psf is the column max only

Try itres concrete 14 · mediumres concrete 15 · hardres concrete 16 · hardres concrete 17 · hardres concrete 18 · hard

Loads, shoring, stripping

The rule sets no 7-day or 28-day stripping time and no 75% strength figure

One inspection before placement misses during and after

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Precast lifting, masonry walls

6,000 lb panel: hardware 30,000 lb; 24,000 lb uses the insert factor

An 8 ft wall is not over 8 ft; 10 ft wall needs a 14 ft zone

Try itres concrete 25 · mediumres concrete 26 · mediumres concrete 27 · easyres concrete 28 · medium

Steel erection fall triggers

Subpart M 6 ft does not apply to steel erection (1926.500(a)(2)(iii)); 12 ft needs nothing

16 ft stories: 2 × 16 = 32 ft, so 30 ft governs

Try itres metals 1 · easyres metals 2 · mediumres metals 3 · easyres metals 4 · mediumres metals 5 · hard

Controlled decking zone

8,100 sq ft is the zone area, not the unsecured-decking limit

4,000 lb is a decking bundle, 1,000 lb a bridging bundle

Try itres metals 6 · mediumres metals 7 · easyres metals 8 · mediumres metals 9 · medium

Bolting and anchor rods

Two bolts is general, one is diagonal bracing; four is anchor rods

A like-for-like rod replacement still needs EOR approval

Try itres metals 10 · easyres metals 11 · mediumres metals 12 · mediumres metals 13 · easyres metals 16 · medium

Column loads and height

The 300 lb at 18 in load applies to both anchorage and splices

42 in is the cable-hole height, 48 in the column extension

Try itres metals 14 · mediumres metals 15 · hardres metals 17 · mediumres metals 18 · easy

Multi-story limits and covers

14 ft stories: 4 × 14 = 56 ft, so 48 ft governs; 12 ft stories: 24 ft governs

112 ft wrongly applies the 8-story limit

Try itres metals 19 · easyres metals 20 · hardres metals 21 · hardres metals 22 · easy

Steel joists

K-series and LH/girder values are the swap trap

18 in from secured end fails the 1 ft limit; 1,200 lb fails 1,000 lb

Try itres metals 23 · mediumres metals 24 · mediumres metals 25 · hardres metals 26 · mediumres metals 28 · hard

Limited access zone

12 ft wall: 16 ft; 9 ft 4 in wall: 13 ft 4 in; wall height alone drops the 4 ft

Scaffolded side and half-length zones fail

Try itres masonry 1 · easyres masonry 2 · easyres masonry 5 · mediumres masonry 6 · hardres masonry 7 · medium

Wall bracing

Exactly 8 ft 0 in is not over 8 ft

No 7-day cure or scaffold condition in the rule

Try itres masonry 8 · easyres masonry 9 · mediumres masonry 10 · hardres masonry 11 · medium

Shoring and form removal

Either basis alone suffices; they are not cumulative

The rule sets no 7-day or 28-day wait

Try itres masonry 12 · mediumres masonry 13 · mediumres masonry 14 · hardres masonry 15 · hard

Bearing on masonry

1-1/2 in on brick is the trap

2 in is sill thickness, not bearing length

Try itres masonry 16 · easyres masonry 17 · mediumres masonry 18 · mediumres masonry 19 · hard

Brick takeoff

800 sq ft standard: 5240; 675 rate gives 5400

40 × 10 wall less 51 sq ft: 349 × 6.75 × 1.05 = 2474

Try itres masonry 20 · easyres masonry 21 · easyres masonry 22 · hardres masonry 25 · mediumres masonry 26 · medium

Mortar and cold weather

Mixing per-area and per-1000-brick rates; 5000 brick = 40 bags, no waste added

32°F is freezing, not the 40°F threshold

Try itres masonry 23 · mediumres masonry 24 · mediumres masonry 26 · mediumres masonry 27 · hardres masonry 28 · medium

Notching sawn lumber

d

actual member depth

11¼ in joist: 1⅞ in interior, 2 13/16 in end; 3¾ in is length and hole limit

Length limit is a fraction of depth, not span

Try itres carpentry 1 · mediumres carpentry 2 · mediumres carpentry 3 · mediumres carpentry 5 · hardres carpentry 6 · hard

Bored holes

d

actual member depth

2½ in hole in 9 in joist passes size but fails at 1½ in edge distance

One-sixth and one-fourth rules do not apply to I-joists

Try itres carpentry 4 · easyres carpentry 7 · mediumres carpentry 8 · easyres carpentry 9 · mediumres carpentry 10 · easy

Panel nailing and GA bracing

24 in spans keep 12 in intermediate spacing

The file named 2018ircamendments is the 2012 IRC set

Try itres carpentry 11 · easyres carpentry 12 · mediumres carpentry 13 · mediumres carpentry 14 · mediumres carpentry 15 · hard

Truss temporary restraint

Using 10 ft on spans over 30 ft

Spans over 60 ft need a design professional

Try itres carpentry 16 · easyres carpentry 17 · mediumres carpentry 18 · mediumres carpentry 19 · hardres carpentry 21 · medium

Stacking on trusses

10 in of block exceeds 8 in; stacks at the limit are allowed

Loading before bracing or at midspan

Try itres carpentry 22 · easyres carpentry 23 · mediumres carpentry 24 · medium

Board feet

T

nominal thickness, in

W

nominal width, in

L

length, ft

Actual sizes (1½ × 9¼) undercount; use nominal

÷ 144 only when L is in inches; leaving out ÷ 12 overstates

Try itres carpentry 25 · easyres carpentry 26 · mediumres carpentry 27 · mediumres carpentry 28 · hard

Georgia roofing amendments

Assuming Georgia changed drip edge, valley or re-cover rules

AU408 is not a statewide mandate

Try itres roofing 1 · easyres roofing 2 · mediumres roofing 3 · medium

Appendix U water barrier

32 in subtracts the 4 in lap instead of the 19 in overlap

Reversed 12 in laps / 6 in field spacing

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Drip edge and valleys

Single 24 in ply of roll roofing borrows the metal width

Swapped 36 in bottom / 18 in top plies

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Reroofing

Three or more allows a third layer: wrong

Slope under 4:12 is not a tear-off condition

Try itres roofing 12 · easyres roofing 13 · mediumres roofing 14 · mediumres roofing 15 · mediumres roofing 16 · hard

Attic ventilation

NFVA

net free ventilating area, sq ft

A

area of vented space, sq ft

1,500 sq ft: 10 sq ft; 1,200 sq ft: 8 sq ft = 1,152 sq in

Forgetting × 144, or using 1/100 (1,728 sq in)

Try itres roofing 17 · easyres roofing 18 · mediumres roofing 19 · hard

Roof fall protection

Exactly 4:12 is low slope; 60 ft wide roof bars monitor alone

34 in is warning-line height, not distance; 900 lb is the body-belt figure

Try itres roofing 20 · easyres roofing 22 · mediumres roofing 24 · hardres roofing 25 · mediumres roofing 26 · medium

Garage separation

1/2 in under a bedroom is the trap

Beam and posts cannot be left bare

Try itres code 1 · easyres code 2 · easyres code 3 · mediumres code 4 · medium

Exterior wall fire separation

40 × 9 wall at 4 ft: 360 × 0.25 = 90 sq ft non-sprinklered, unlimited sprinklered

Carrying the 25% cap into a sprinklered house

Try itres code 5 · easyres code 6 · mediumres code 7 · mediumres code 8 · mediumres code 10 · hard

Emergency escape openings

24 × 20 = 480 sq in = 3.33 sq ft fails; 20 in wide needs about 41 in height

Measure the net clear opening, not the sash

Try itres code 11 · easyres code 12 · easyres code 13 · mediumres code 14 · hardres code 15 · medium

Snow load limit

75 psf is out of the prescriptive tables

Upsizing rafters is still prescriptive

Try itres code 16 · easyres code 17 · medium

Georgia energy envelope

Exactly 5.0 ACH50 fails; 3 ACH50 and R-20 are unamended IECC

ASTM E119 is not a listed test

Try itres code 18 · easyres code 19 · mediumres code 22 · mediumres code 23 · mediumres code 24 · easy

IBC height and area

If

frontage increase factor

F

perimeter fronting open space, ft

P

building perimeter, ft

W

open space width, ft

45 ft open space still uses W/30 = 1

13R gets height increase only, not area

Try itres code 28 · easyres code 29 · mediumres code 30 · mediumres code 31 · hardres code 33 · hard

Gypsum board screws

Type W at 1/2 in into wood fails

5/8 in is wood, 3/8 in steel, 7/16 in SIP

Try itres trades 1 · easyres trades 2 · mediumres trades 3 · mediumres trades 4 · mediumres trades 5 · easy

Glazing near doors

Hinge side is covered; latch side is exempt

36 in and 18 in are window and stair figures

Try itres trades 7 · easyres trades 8 · mediumres trades 9 · medium

Hazardous windows

Bottom edge at 20 in is not below 18 in, so not hazardous

3 × 4 ft pane at 12 in: 12 sq ft, top 60 in, hazardous

Try itres trades 10 · easyres trades 11 · hardres trades 12 · mediumres trades 17 · medium

Wet areas and stairs

72 in from water's edge is exempt

36 in is the stair height trigger, not the arc

Try itres trades 13 · easyres trades 14 · mediumres trades 15 · hardres trades 16 · hard

Georgia insulation and ducts

2,400 sq ft house: 24 × 6 = 144 cfm; 4 cfm is unamended IECC

Ducts inside the envelope are exempt; vented-attic ducts are not

Try itres trades 18 · easyres trades 19 · mediumres trades 21 · hardres trades 22 · easyres trades 23 · medium

Drain slope

1/16 in per ft is only for sizing in Table P3005.4.2

2 in drain 20 ft: 5 in drop; 2-1/2 in uses the 1/8 slope

Try itres trades 26 · easyres trades 27 · easyres trades 28 · medium

Guardrail

200 lb top, 150 lb midrail swap

42 in exactly drops the tolerance; 38-45 in is post-2000 scaffold

Try itres osha 1 · easyres osha 2 · easyres osha 3 · mediumres osha 4 · mediumres osha 5 · hard

Personal fall arrest

Two workers on one anchorage: 10,000 lb

Swapping 6 ft free fall and 3.5 ft deceleration; 900 lb is body belt

Try itres osha 6 · easyres osha 7 · mediumres osha 8 · hardres osha 9 · medium

Scaffolds

9 ft scaffold needs none; 9 ft edge needs protection at the 6 ft trigger

750 lb plank: 3,000 lb

Try itres osha 10 · mediumres osha 11 · hardres osha 12 · medium

Ladders and stairs

L

working length of ladder

300 lb Type 1A: 990 lb; 16 ft job-made ladder: 2 ft

4 risers at 28 in still needs rails

Try itres osha 13 · easyres osha 14 · easyres osha 15 · hardres osha 16 · hardres osha 19 · medium

GFCI and AEGCP

Requiring both GFCI and AEGCP

Daily is the visual check, not the test

Try itres osha 21 · easyres osha 22 · mediumres osha 23 · mediumres osha 24 · hard

Recordkeeping

2025 records kept to Dec 31, 2030, not 2028

Small employer still reports loss of an eye in 24 h

Try itres osha 25 · easyres osha 26 · mediumres osha 27 · hardres osha 28 · medium

Pedestrian protection

H

height of construction

Work out ¼H and ½H first: a 36 ft building gives 9 ft and 18 ft; a 60 ft building gives 15 ft and 30 ft.

Walkway load is 150 psf, not 100 psf; 42 in is the construction railing height, 8 ft the barrier height.

Try itgc general req 1 · easygc general req 2 · hardgc general req 3 · hardgc general req 4 · mediumgc general req 5 · easy

Fire safety during construction

Stairway and standpipe measure from fire department vehicle access; the fire watch measures from lowest adjacent grade (44 ft vs 34 ft case).

Fire watch triggers are independent: a 30 ft building with 60,000 sq ft stories still needs one.

Try itgc general req 7 · easygc general req 9 · mediumgc general req 10 · hardgc general req 12 · mediumgc general req 13 · medium

Crane near power lines

Each band includes its upper value: exactly 200 kV is 15 ft, 230 kV is 20 ft.

A flat 10 ft for any voltage is not an option; 24 hours is the OSHA reporting deadline, not the voltage deadline.

Try itgc general req 20 · mediumgc general req 21 · mediumgc general req 22 · mediumgc general req 23 · hardgc general req 25 · easy

Assured grounding program

Weekly or monthly visual inspection is wrong; it is before each day's use.

3 months is the test interval, not the visual inspection interval.

Try itgc general req 26 · easygc general req 27 · mediumgc general req 28 · hard

Fall protection and scaffolds

Scaffold height-to-base 36 ÷ 5 = 7.2 to 1 needs ties; width only changes the 20 ft vs 26 ft spacing.

6 in is the scaffold platform end extension and 39 in the wall-opening sill, not the bricklaying reach.

Try itgc general req 29 · hardgc general req 30 · mediumgc general req 32 · mediumgc general req 33 · mediumgc general req 34 · hard

OSHA recordkeeping and reporting

Peak headcount decides, not the average: 14 at the summer peak removes the exemption.

7 calendar days, not business days: Thursday, March 5 + 7 = Thursday, March 12.

Try itgc general req 39 · mediumgc general req 40 · mediumgc general req 41 · hard

Subpart P map

There is no 1926.653; the subpart ends at 1926.652 plus Appendices A to F.

The 20 ft registered-engineer limit for sloping is in Appendix B, not 1926.652.

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Soil classification

Exactly 1.5 tsf is Type A, not B.

2.0 tsf clay next to heavy traffic is Type B because of vibration; loamy sand is Type C.

Try itgc site 6 · easygc site 7 · mediumgc site 9 · mediumgc site 10 · mediumgc site 11 · hard

Maximum allowable slopes

Ratios are horizontal to vertical; 34° is measured from horizontal, not vertical (56°).

The ½:1 short-term slope never applies to Type B, beyond 12 ft, or past 24 hours.

Try itgc site 13 · easygc site 14 · mediumgc site 15 · mediumgc site 19 · easygc site 20 · easy

Sloped trench geometry

ratio

Table B-1 horizontal run per 1 ft of depth

Type B, 8 ft deep, 3 ft bottom: 3 + 8 + 8 = 19 ft; Type C 12 ft deep runs 1.5 × 12 = 18 ft, not 12 ÷ 1.5 = 8 ft.

Use the average width and divide ft³ by 27, not 9: (2 + 11) ÷ 2 × 6 × 100 ÷ 27 = 144.4 yd³.

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Egress and protective systems

4 ft 8 in deep: egress yes, protective system no; the 4 ft and 5 ft triggers get swapped.

Each ladder covers 50 ft: 300 ÷ 50 = 6 ladders; 12 ft trench → shield bottom no higher than 10 ft.

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Proctor compaction

Swapping rammer weight and drop between Standard and Modified is the set trap.

1.5 is only the drop ratio and 1.8 only the weight ratio; the effort ratio is about 4.5.

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Strength acceptance

f'c

specified compressive strength

4000 psi → 3500 psi floor; 6000 psi → 5400 psi; 8000 psi → 7200 psi, so 7300 psi passes.

7-day breaks only track strength gain; they are never the acceptance test.

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Concrete volume and small-volume waiver

Divide by 27, not 9 or 3: 100 × 2 × 1 = 200 ft³ = 7.41 yd³; 8 in = 0.667 ft, not 0.8 ft.

Count each class separately (30 and 35 yd³ both qualify), and the waiver still needs the official's approval.

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Concrete cover

Measuring to main bars or a centerline overstates cover.

IBC Table 1808.8.2 prints no 3 in or 1½ in figure for shallow foundations.

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Cold weather definition

A 36°F forecast inside the protection period is cold weather even after a 58°F placement day.

The three-successive-days test is the old ACI 306.1-90 rule; (46 + 30) ÷ 2 = 38°F.

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Freeze protection

Partial load, exposed, accelerated = 4 × 24 = 96 hours; 144 hours uses the 6-day normal-set figure.

Table 7.2 periods are not form or shore removal times (§8.1).

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OSHA concrete rules

No 7-day, 50 psf or 6 ft figure appears in the rule.

Caution tape or orange tape does not meet the barrier or impalement rules.

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Mortar properties

Table 1 applies to laboratory-prepared mortar only; field-sampled cubes at 1400 psi cannot be judged against 1800 psi.

Order is M, S, N, O from strongest to weakest.

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Mortar proportions

1 : 1/2 Type S → 1 1/2 parts → 3 3/8 to 4 1/2 parts sand; 1 : 1 Type N → 6 parts max.

The upper multiplier is 3, not 3 1/2, and it applies to cement plus lime.

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Mixing and working life

7:45 a.m. + 2 h 30 min = 10:15 a.m.; hot weather 1:15 p.m. + 2 h = 3:15 p.m.

C270 allows retempering with water; it does not ban it or limit it to once.

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Movement joints

Se

maximum expansion joint spacing, in.

wj

joint width, in.

ej

sealant compressibility, percent

Enter ej as a percent: (0.375 × 50) ÷ 0.09 = 208.3 in.; 0.50 gives an answer 100 times too small.

100 ft × 12 = 1200 in. × 0.0009 = 1.08 in.; control joints go in CMU, expansion joints in brick.

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Veneer anchors and wall bracing

The 12 in. and 24 in. opening figures get swapped.

14 ft 6 in wall → 18 ft 6 in zone on the side without scaffold.

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Masonry code references

§2104.3 cold-weather rules were IBC 2009 and are gone.

ASTM C270 is the mortar standard, not the grout or inspection reference.

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Steel erection fall protection

A warning line is not one of the five systems.

13 ft stories → 2 × 13 = 26 ft governs; 3,400 − 3,000 = 400 sq ft of deck must be secured.

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Footing strength notice

0.75 × 4,000 psi = 3,000 psi; 50 percent and full 28-day strength are wrong.

Verbal confirmation, laboratory-cured cylinders or elapsed days do not satisfy the rule.

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Anchor rods and connections

12 in column: 12 ÷ 2 + 18 = 24 in from centerline.

Beam with 2 connections + brace with 2 connections = 4 + 2 = 6 bolts; count per connection, not per member.

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Multi-story limits

10 ft stories → 4 × 10 = 40 ft, not 48 ft.

18 ft stories → 2 × 18 = 36 ft, so 30 ft governs.

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Joist erection and bridging

Two rows go near the third points, not nearest midspan.

A competent person's approval is not the alternative to tandem setting.

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Joist ends and landing loads

1,400 lb of bridging → 2 bundles; a 3,600 lb deck bundle still needs one row of bridging first.

Insulation pallets get no bundle exception.

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Fire-retardant-treated wood

A surface coating alone never makes FRTW, even at a flame spread index of 25 or less.

Lumber 19%, panels 15%; reversing them is the trap.

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Decay protection

Sheathing is covered: sill at 7 in and sheathing at 5 in both need treatment.

Naturally durable wood is an equal option to pressure-treated.

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Fasteners in treated wood

Electro-galvanized steel is not permitted.

A bolt with nut and washer may use B695 Class 55; nails and lag screws may not.

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Type IV minimum sizes

A column carrying floor plus roof loads needs 8 × 8; 6 × 8 is roof-only.

Reading glulam sizes as nominal sawn sizes is the set error.

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Fireblocking

3/8 in panel is draftstopping only; fireblocking panels are 23/32 in with backed joints.

A single 1 in nominal board is draftstopping, not fireblocking.

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Draftstopping areas

7,500 ÷ 1,000 = 7.5 → 8 areas; 10,000 ÷ 3,000 = 3.33 → 4; never round down.

NFPA 13R alone does not waive draftstopping; 2 × 900 = 1,800 sq ft beats 3,000 sq ft.

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Minimum roof slopes

4:12 is where double underlayment ends, not the shingle minimum; 3½:12 still needs two layers.

Tile on a 2:12 roof is not allowed; extra underlayment does not fix slope.

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Low-slope membranes

40 ft × ¼ in = 10 in; 5 in uses the coal-tar rate.

The ⅛:12 exception is for coal-tar built-up only.

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Secondary drainage

Correctly sized primary drains do not remove the need for secondary drainage behind parapets.

12 in is the foundation waterproofing figure, not a scupper size.

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Vapor retarder classes

Exactly 1.0 perm is Class II; kraft facing is Class II, not Class I.

Procedure B (water method) is not the named test.

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Vapor retarders by climate zone

6-mil polyethylene (Class I) is not permitted in Zone 3.

No zone requires Class I.

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Dampproofing and waterproofing

Stopping at the water table misses the 12 in: 3 ft 6 in + 1 ft = 4 ft 6 in waterproofed, 9 ft − 4 ft 6 in = 4 ft 6 in dampproofed.

Wall height and climate zone are not the trigger; hydrostatic pressure is.

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Glazing in and near doors

Measure the arc with the door closed, not open 90 degrees.

A Group B office sidelite 20 in. away with a 30 in. bottom edge needs safety glazing.

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Windows and wet areas

2.5 × 3.5 = 8.75 sq ft fails the size test, so it is not hazardous; the four tests are not alternatives.

Only the outboard pane is exempt, and the height is 25 ft, not 12 ft.

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Safety glazing categories

A 7 sq ft patio sliding door lite is still Category II.

3 × 3.5 = 10.5 sq ft door lite is Category II.

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Fire-rated glazing

OH — 45 means 45 minutes, not 4.5 hours or area.

OH glass is fire-protection-rated, not fire-resistance-rated; a removable frame label fails §703.4.

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Egress door dimensions

A 36 in. leaf or 38 in. rough opening is not the clear width; 31-1/2 in. fails.

48 in. is the maximum leaf, not a minimum.

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Door swing and forces

Exactly 50 occupants triggers the swing rule.

Labeled interior fire doors use 15/30/15, not 5 lbf.

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Wall and ceiling finish classes

Flame spread 20 with smoke 500 meets no class.

The 450 smoke limit does not loosen for Class C.

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Required finish by location

A partial sprinkler system uses the nonsprinklered column: Group B exits need Class A.

There is no blanket one-class reduction for I-3 exits.

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Floor finish radiant flux

Higher flux is better; 'or less' reverses the rule.

Class A is a wall class, not a floor class.

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Gypsum board standards

Single-layer joints over steel framing still need treatment.

GA-216/C840 is for wallboard, C1280/GA-253 for sheathing.

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Gypsum fastener spacing

96 ÷ 16 = 6 spaces → 7 screws; 144 ÷ 7 = 20.57 → 21 spaces → 22 nails.

16 in. wall screw spacing does not apply at 24 in. framing.

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Gypsum finish levels

Gloss or deep-tone paint under critical lighting needs Level 5.

Tile backing is Level 2, not Level 4 or 5.

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Plumbing fixture count

150 ÷ 2 = 75 per sex; 2.3 water closets → 3.

The 100 limit is for mercantile only.

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Toilet facility location

Toilets on floor 1 cannot serve floor 3.

The limit is 500 feet, not 200 or 300 feet.

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Sprinkler triggers

Exactly 100 occupants triggers A-2; exactly 5,000 sq ft does not.

3 × 9,000 = 27,000 sq ft > 24,000 sq ft, even with each area under 12,000.

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Drain slope and cleanouts

2½ in pipe is in the 1/4 group: 40 × 1/4 = 10 inches; 3 in pipe: 60 × 1/8 = 7.5 inches.

Using 1/8 for 2 in branches is the set error.

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Water pressure and T&P discharge

¾ in discharge pipe → at least 1½ inches above the floor.

An RPZ backflow preventer is not a pressure-reducing valve.

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GFCI on temporary power

A 5 kW generator with bonded conductors is not exempt.

240-volt, 30-ampere or three-phase receptacles fall outside the rule.

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Assured grounding program

Tested January 15 → next test by April 15, not July 15.

A brand-new cord must be tested before first use.

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Temporary wiring

90 days is the general-industry holiday-lighting limit, not a construction rule.

24 volts is not the wet-location figure; 12 volts is.

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Working clearances

480Y/277 V uses 277 V to ground; 208Y/120 V is 3 ft even in condition c.

6½ ft is the NEC headroom, not OSHA.

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Deenergizing and tagging

Tag both the local disconnect and the transfer switch.

Mandatory locks come from 1910.147 and 1910.333, not construction.

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Power line clearances

115 kV backhoe: 65 × 0.4 = 26 in → 12 ft 2 in; apply 0.4 in only above 50 kV.

Exactly 50 kV is 10 ft; each range includes its upper bound.

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AIA agreements and GMP

GMP 2,400,000 dollars, cost 2,515,000 dollars → Owner pays 2,400,000, Contractor absorbs 115,000.

A '10% until 50%, then 5%' figure is a party insertion, not AIA text.

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Final payment and retainage

October 1 + 30 = October 31; April 8 + 10 = April 18.

10% until 50% completion is the pre-2022 Georgia public rule.

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A201 day counts

Received May 1 → act by May 8; notice May 9 → stop May 16.

Claim runs from the later date: April 20 + 21 = May 11; rock seen March 3 → notice by March 17.

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Changes in the Work

The Contractor does not sign a CCD to make it effective.

Disagreeing with the price is no reason to stop CCD work.

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Closeout and termination

The correction period is not a warranty limit or statute of limitations.

60 days applies only to repeated Owner failures; 90 days is a Miller Act period.

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Federal bonds and Miller Act

2,000,000 + 300,000 = 2,300,000 dollars; 50% payment bonds are wrong.

Last delivery March 10, 2026 → notice June 8, 2026, suit March 10, 2027; not from final acceptance.

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